Alun: Bore da!, Elen.
Alun: Good morning, Elen.
Grammar Tip: “Bore da” is a standard greeting. “Bore” (morning) is a noun and “da” (good) is an adjective that follows the noun in Welsh.
Vocabulary: Bore (morning), da (good)
Elen: S'mai, fy nghariad.
Elen: Hi, my darling.
Grammar Tip: “S’mai” is a contraction of “Sut mae?” meaning “Hi.” “Fy nghariad” uses nasal mutation after “fy” (my) turning “cariad” into “nghariad.”
Vocabulary: S'mai (hi), fy nghariad (my love)
Elen: Lle mae 'goriadau fi?
Elen: Where are my keys?
Grammar Tip: Possession often follows the noun in spoken Welsh. “'Goriadau fi” means “my keys.” “Lle” means “where,” and “mae” is the present tense of “to be.”
Vocabulary: 'goriadau (keys), fi (me/my)
Alun: 'Goriadau ti?
Alun: Your keys?
Grammar Tip: This is a shortened form of a question meaning “Your keys?” It omits auxiliary verbs like “Ai dy.” “Ti” is the familiar second-person pronoun.
Vocabulary: goriadau (keys), ti (you/your)
Elen:: le, 'goriadau car fi. Lle maen nhw?
Elen:: Yeah, my car keys. Where are they?
Grammar Tip: “'Goriadau car fi” is a post-nominal possessive, common in informal Welsh. “Maen nhw” is the plural form of “to be” – “they are.”
Vocabulary: goriadau car (car keys), fi (my)
Alun Maen nhw yma ar y bwrdd, Elen.
Alun: They are here on the table, Elen.
Grammar Tip: “Maen nhw” = “they are.” “Ar y bwrdd” means “on the table.” Definite articles like “y” mutate nouns depending on the first letter.
Vocabulary: bwrdd (table)
Elen: Sori, Alun. Dw i 'di blino. Dw i'n gweithio lot.
Elen: Sorry, Alun. I'm tired. I'm working a lot.
Grammar Tip: “Dw i 'di” is the perfect tense (I have…). “Blino” is the past participle meaning “tired.” “Dw i’n gweithio” means “I’m working.”
Vocabulary: blino (tired), lot (a lot)
Alun: T'isio paned o goffi?
Alun: Want a cup of coffee?
Grammar Tip: “T’isio” is a colloquial shortening of “Wyt ti eisiau” (Do you want). “Paned” is a cup. “O goffi” = of coffee (causes soft mutation: coffi → goffi).
Vocabulary: paned (cup), coffi (coffee)
Elen: Oes, diolch.
Elen: Yes, thanks.
Grammar Tip: “Oes” is used to answer existential questions (like “Is there?”). It’s affirmative here. “Diolch” means “thanks.”
Vocabulary: Oes (yes)
Alun: Mae'r coffi'n barod.
Alun: The coffee is ready.
Grammar Tip: “Mae'r” is a contraction of “mae” + “yr” (is + the). “Coffi’n barod” uses “yn” to link the subject and adjective (coffee is ready).
Vocabulary: coffi (coffee), barod (ready)
Elen: Lle mae'r siwgr? Aaa, dyma fo.
Mae hi'n yfed y coffi.
Elen: Where is the sugar? Ah, here it is.
She drinks the coffee.
Grammar Tip: “Dyma fo” means “here it is.” “Mae hi’n yfed” = “she is drinking.” “Y” is the definite article (“the”) causing a soft mutation in “coffi.”
Vocabulary: siwgr (sugar), dyma fo (here it is), yfed (drink)
Elen: Ych â fi!
Elen: Yuck!
Grammar Tip: This phrase expresses disgust. “Ych” is an exclamation, and “â fi” means “to me” – a common idiomatic form.
Vocabulary: Ych â fi (yuck/disgust)
Alun: Elen, ti'n iawn?
Alun: Elen, are you okay?
Grammar Tip: “Ti’n” is short for “wyt ti yn” – second person present tense. “Iawn” means “okay” or “alright.”
Vocabulary: iawn (okay/fine)
Elen: Na'dw! Halen ydi hwn!
Elen: No! This is salt!
Grammar Tip: “Na’dw” is a negative reply to a “bod” verb question. “Ydi hwn” is an emphatic structure meaning “this is.”
Vocabulary: Na'dw (No), halen (salt)
Alun: Elen, ti 'di blino gormod!
Alun: Elen, you're too tired!
Grammar Tip: “Ti 'di” is short for “wyt ti wedi” (you have). “Blino” = tired, “gormod” = too much. Common structure for expressing exhaustion.
Vocabulary: blino (tired), gormod (too much)